Middle+Ages


 * Power Point #1
 * Rome's fall was caused by disease and besieges from neighbouring tribes.
 * No one is above the law, and laws are written and must be respected..
 * Manoralism - For safety and defense, people in the Middle Ages formed small communities around a central lord or master.
 * Lords gave their land to knights in exchange for protection; $. Then, knights let serfs work the land which he would protect.
 * William the Duke of Normandy invaded England in the year 1066.
 * A crusade was thousands of knights and 'barbarian;' soldiers united under Christianity attacked Muslims and Jews in Turkey and Jerusalem to gain the land for Christians.
 * During the Classic Era is when Rome and Greece were alive.
 * The Magna Carta was signed in 1215.
 * Since there was no strong empires or kingdoms, the Church was one organization that had respect and power; Popes were more powerful then kings!


 * Power Point #2
 * Emperors had granted barbarian mercenaries land with the Roman Empire in the return for military service and it was these barbarians who eventually became the new rulers.
 * The Church was granted favours by Roman Emperors / Kings; such as, land, exemption from taxes, immunity in courts, and positions in courts. In return the Church would endorse kings to help secure their rule.
 * Monasticism was Monks who gave up worldly possessions and devote themselves to a religious life.
 * Feudalism - Kings, tenants-in-chief, knights / lords, then peasants.
 * The Bubonic Plague, also called the black death, in which sufferers' skin would blacken due to hemorrhages under the skin. This plague was spread be rats, and weakened the influence of the Church.
 * The Parliamentary Government in England is the most important invention because without this there would be no democratic system in North America today.


 * Power Point #3
 * Feudalism was a social, political, and economic system that dominated all aspects of medieval life.
 * The economic portion of feudalism was centered around the lord's estates or manor, and is called manorialism.
 * The role of the Church:
 * Spiritual: Religion was a central part of life for medieval people from baptism to marriage.
 * Secular: In addition to being the social center of the village, the church had economic and political power.
 * Crusade Reasons:
 * The Pope wanted to increase his power.
 * Christians believed it was their duty to recover the Holy Land.
 * Nobels wanted to gain wealth.
 * Crusade Impact:
 * Cultural Diffusion
 * Increase in Trade
 * An interest in goods from the east.
 * The impact of trade fairs were town growth.
 * Renaissance means 'rebirth' This originated in Italy because it was a thriving center of trade and manufacturing, and a wealthy merchant class.
 * The 'new' outlook during the Renaissance was the Church spending $$$ on beautifying Rome, the ideal individual strove to m,aster all areas of study..
 * Examples of Renaissance Art: Columns, arches, and domes (Art was Detailed and Realistic).
 * Examples of Renaissance Literature: Plays and Divine Comedy.
 * The invention of the printing press led to books becoming more available, literacy increased, and ideas spread rapidly.
 * Reformation is the Renaissance. Humanism led people to question the Church authority as increasing faith was put in human reason.
 * Protestantism is when a German monk, in 1517, posted his 95 thesis against indulges.
 * Counter Reformation was to strengthen the Catholic Church, and to keep Catholics from conversion to Protestantism.




 * Dirty Jobs:


 * Time Machine: